Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment that helps restore declining hormone levels—primarily estrogen and, when needed, progesterone—during perimenopause and menopause. It is most commonly used to treat moderate to severe hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disruption, mood changes, vaginal dryness, and painful intercourse, and it can also help prevent bone loss in appropriate candidates. When prescribed thoughtfully and monitored regularly, HRT can significantly improve quality of life, energy, intimacy, and overall well-being.

As with any therapy, there are potential risks, which may include blood clots, stroke, breast cancer (with certain formulations and longer duration of use), and abnormal uterine bleeding. Risks vary depending on a woman’s age, health history, timing of initiation, dose, and route of delivery. In general, healthy women who are under age 60 or within 10 years of menopause onset and experiencing bothersome symptoms are often good candidates for treatment after individualized evaluation. HRT is not recommended for women with certain conditions such as unexplained vaginal bleeding, active or history of hormone-sensitive cancers, prior blood clots, stroke, severe liver disease, or pregnancy. We use evidence-based guidelines and shared decision-making to determine whether HRT is the right option for you.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can benefit men who have clinically confirmed low testosterone (hypogonadism) by improving energy levels, mood, libido, and overall quality of life. When testosterone levels are restored to a normal physiologic range, many men experience increased sexual desire and improved erectile function, enhanced lean muscle mass and strength, reduced body fat, and better bone density, which may lower fracture risk over time.

Some men also report improved cognitive clarity, motivation, and reduced depressive symptoms. In appropriate candidates—after thorough evaluation including labs and assessment of cardiovascular, prostate, and hematologic risk—TRT can be a safe and effective treatment when monitored regularly for hemoglobin/hematocrit, PSA, lipids, and symptom response. As with any hormone therapy, individualized dosing and ongoing follow-up are essential to maximize benefits while minimizing risks.